You are Browsing articles

GSM Control Channel Processing Through Physical Layer

Explore GSM control channel processing in the physical layer, covering SACCH, FACCH, BCCH, PCH, AGCH, and more, as per 3GPP TS 45.003.

gsm

control channel

physical layer

GSM Downlink Packet Switched (PS) Call Flow Explained

Learn about the packet switched (PS) call flow in GSM downlink for data transfer. Understand GPRS attach, PDP context activation, and the channels involved.

gsm

packet switching

call flow

GSM Frame Error Rate (FER) Testing: 900MHz & 1800MHz Limits

Overview of Frame Error Rate (FER) testing limits for GSM user equipment (UE) in the 900MHz and 1800MHz frequency bands according to 3GPP TS 51.010.

gsm

frame error rate

testing

GSM Handover Failure: Physical Channel Issues and T313 Timeout

This article explains GSM handover failures from UTRAN due to physical channel issues, leading to timer T313 expiry, and outlines the handover procedure.

gsm

handover

utran

GSM Handover/Cell Reselection Failures: CRC Error Analysis

Explore the causes of GSM handover and cell reselection failures due to CRC errors, including interference, power issues, and algorithm limitations.

gsm

crc error

cell reselection

GSM Issue: UE Receives DM Instead of UA After Sending SABM

Explanation of a GSM network issue where a UE sends a SABM frame but receives a DM response instead of the expected UA, indicating connection establishment failure.

gsm

radio link protocol

GSM Mobile Originated (MO) Call Flow Explained

Explore the GSM Mobile Originated (MO) call flow, detailing the messages exchanged between the mobile device and network layers during call setup and release.

gsm

mobile communication

call flow

GSM Mobile Terminated (MT) Call Flow Explained

Understand the GSM Mobile Terminated (MT) call flow, including message exchanges between the UE and network layers, and channels used.

mobile communication

gsm

call flow

GSM Packet Switched Channel Processing Through Physical Layer

Explore GSM packet-switched channels, focusing on GPRS (CS1-CS4) and EGPRS (MCS1-MCS9) coding schemes at the physical layer. Understand data rates and robustness trade-offs.

gsm

gprs

egprs

GSM Physical Layer (Layer-1) Explained

Explore the GSM physical layer (layer-1) functions, including baseband processing, FEC, ciphering, burst formation, and modulation for mobile station transmission.

gsm

physical layer

modulation

GSM Protocol Stack and Architecture Explained

Explore the GSM protocol stack and architecture for Mobile Stations (MS) and Base Transceiver Stations (BTS), covering Layer 1 (PHY) and Layer 2 (LAPD, LAPDm).

gsm

protocol stack

mobile communication

GSM Protocol Stack: Layer 3 Overview

Explore GSM Layer 3 responsibilities, covering RRM, MM, CM, SCCP, and BSSMAP protocols. Understand message types and protocol discriminators.

gsm

protocol stack

layer 3

GSM Radio Link Failure: Causes and Mechanisms

Explores the causes and mechanisms behind radio link failure in GSM networks, covering both mobile and network perspectives.

gsm

radio link

network failure

GSM Traffic Channel Processing in the Physical Layer

Explore GSM traffic channel processing through the physical layer, covering speech and data channels as per 3GPP TS 45.003.

gsm

physical layer

speech channel

GSM Uplink Packet Switched Data Call Flow

Explore the packet switched (PS) data call flow in GSM uplink, detailing GPRS attach and PDP context activation between mobile devices and network elements.

gsm

packet switching

data communication

GSM vs CDMA: A Detailed Comparison of Mobile Communication Standards

Explore the key differences between GSM and CDMA cellular technologies, including their technical specifications, network structures, and historical significance in mobile communication.

gsm

cdma

mobile communication

GSM: PLMN Not Found Issue Explained

This article explains the PLMN not found issue in GSM networks, focusing on causes like weak signals, interference, network failures, and roaming data.

gsm

plmn

mobile communication

Health Monitoring with LEDs and Photodiodes for SpO2 and Heart Rate

Explore health monitoring systems using LEDs and photodiodes for heart rate and SpO2 measurement, covering system architecture, key components, and principles.

health monitoring

led

photodiode

Heat Detector Basics and Types

Explore the fundamentals of heat detectors, comparing fixed temperature and rate of rise types, and their operational differences.

sensor

heat detector

temperature sensor

Hex to Decimal Conversion for Fixed-Point Integers

Convert between hex and decimal numbers in fixed-point format using C code. Includes handling positive/negative values and explanation of Q format.

hexadecimal

decimal

fixed point