Terminology » Networking Basics » Intranet VPN vs. Extranet VPN: Differences Explained

Intranet VPN vs. Extranet VPN: Differences Explained

vpn intranet extranet network security virtual private network

This article breaks down the differences between Intranet VPNs and Extranet VPNs. VPN stands for Virtual Private Network, a technology that creates a secure connection for internet users. It essentially extends a private network across the public internet while providing a high level of security, preventing data intrusion or interception.

There are three main VPN topologies:

  • Remote Access VPN
  • Intranet VPN
  • Extranet VPN

Intranet VPN

An Intranet VPN provides a secure connection between clients and servers within a restricted computer network. It leverages the World Wide Web (WWW) and security protocols like IPsec and GRE to achieve this secured communication.

Intranet VPN

Figure 1: Intranet VPN

Extranet VPN

An Extranet VPN expands upon the Intranet VPN, extending access to authorized external users. Essentially, it allows external partners, vendors, or customers to securely access resources on the Intranet VPN.

Extranet VPN

Figure 2: Extranet VPN

Extranet VPNs also utilize IPsec/GRE at the network layer. They also use protocols like L2TP/L2F at the data link layer. Connection to an Extranet VPN can be established via dial-up lines over PSTN. A Network Access Server (NAS) component is often required to interface between the dial-up line and the Extranet VPN network.

Intranet VPN vs. Extranet VPN: Key Differences Summarized

FeatureIntranet VPNExtranet VPN
ScopeSecurely connects users within an organization.Securely connects authorized external users (partners, vendors, customers) to an organization’s intranet.
AccessInternal network access only.Grants limited access to specific intranet resources for external users.
User BaseEmployees, internal staff.Employees, partners, vendors, and authorized customers.
ConnectivityTypically utilizes existing network infrastructure.May involve dial-up connections, requiring a NAS component.