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Edge Computing vs. Cloud Computing: Key Differences Explained

edge computing cloud computing iot data processing network

This article compares edge computing and cloud computing, highlighting their differences and use cases. A tabular comparison is provided for a quick overview.

Introduction

Cloud computing has become a staple for processing, analyzing, and storing data generated by client devices. However, the explosion of IoT (Internet of Things) devices has led to a massive surge in data generation. The traditional cloud computing model struggles to handle this immense data volume due to limitations in latency, bandwidth, and overall capacity.

Edge computing has emerged as a solution by processing data at the source, determining whether it needs to be transported to the cloud. This approach reduces bandwidth usage on data networks.

What is Cloud Computing?

cloud computing models Cloud Computing Models

  • Cloud computing provides convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable resources such as servers, network infrastructure, storage, and applications.
  • It is characterized by essential features, service models, and deployment models.
  • Cloud services are accessible from anywhere, at any time.
  • In a cloud computing environment, a “fog layer” does not exist. End devices communicate directly with cloud servers and storage devices.

For a more detailed understanding, refer to a comprehensive Cloud Computing tutorial.

What is Edge Computing?

Edge computing optimizes the cloud by moving compute resources closer to the data source. It delivers computing capabilities at the network’s edge to enhance performance, reduce operating costs, and improve the reliability of applications and services.

Edge computing utilizes nodes where data processing occurs, known as “Edge Nodes.”

Edge Computing Architecture Edge Computing Architecture Image Courtesy : IEEE

Edge computing finds applications in various fields, including:

  • Surveillance
  • IoT (Internet of Things)
  • Autonomous Vehicles
  • Industry 4.0
  • Healthcare
  • Financial Services

Difference Between Edge Computing and Cloud Computing

The following table outlines the key differences between edge computing and cloud computing:

RequirementCloud ComputingEdge Computing
LatencyHighVery Low
Delay JitterHighVery Low
Location of ServiceWithin the InternetAt the edge of the local network
Data Load RequirementLarge and continuousSmall and intermittent
Data ScalabilityEasy to scaleLess scalable compared to cloud and fog computing
ControlCentralized/HierarchicalDistributed
Data SecurityHigher probability of attack during data transferData is checked at the edge, reducing attack risk
Service AccessHeadquartered on a main serverAt the edge/ on an edge device (e.g., smart sensor)
Cost per DeviceMoreVery low