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2D LED vs 3D LED: Key Differences Explained

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This article explores the differences between 2D and 3D LEDs, outlining their key characteristics and advantages. LEDs, initially limited to applications like fiber optic cable transmission, are now widely used in emergency lights, bulbs, smart cars, decorative lighting, and more.

2D LED vs 3D LED

Image showing the structural difference between 2D and 3D LEDs. Image courtesy of Aledia.

Aledia, a company specializing in LED technology, designs, develops, and manufactures both 3D LED and LED-based products. Let’s delve into a comparison of these two types of LEDs.

2D LED vs. 3D LED: A Detailed Comparison

The table below highlights the key differences between 2D and 3D LEDs across various factors:

Feature2D LED3D LED
StructurePlanar LEDMicrowire LED
Substrate CostSmall, expensive substrateLarge, economical substrate
Growth ProcessSlow MOCVD growth processFast MOCVD growth process
Capital ExpenditureHighLow
Material ConsumptionHigherLower
Manufacturing PlantLED-specific plants neededExisting high volume silicon wafer fabs can be used
Light Emission AreaAlmost equivalent to 2D visible areaAbout 3 times the 2D LED area
Light OutputLess light/mm2, more current density & efficiency droopMore light/mm2, less current density & less efficiency droop
Color AvailabilitySingle color per waferMultiple colors on one wafer or even on one chip
Light Emission DimensionsTwo dimensionsThree dimensions

Key Takeaways:

  • Structure: 2D LEDs are planar, while 3D LEDs utilize a microwire structure.
  • Cost: 3D LEDs generally offer lower manufacturing costs due to the use of larger, more economical substrates and faster manufacturing processes.
  • Light Emission: 3D LEDs provide a larger light emission area, leading to improved light output and reduced efficiency droop.
  • Color Versatility: 3D LEDs have the advantage of being able to produce multiple colors on a single wafer or chip.