Terminology » Waveguide » Waveguide Switches: Types, Working Principle, and Applications

Waveguide Switches: Types, Working Principle, and Applications

waveguide switch microwave system rf component signal routing electromagnetic wave

Waveguide switches are essential components in microwave systems, enabling the routing of high-frequency signals between different paths. This article explores their working principles, various types, and practical applications in industries such as communication and defense. A waveguide switch is a device that typically interfaces with two input waveguide ports and one output port, actively guiding Electromagnetic (EM) waves from one input port to the output port.

Working Principle

Waveguide switches manipulate the signal flow by opening or closing specific waveguide paths using mechanical movements or electronic control. This ensures seamless and low-loss signal routing. They are mainly used in switch-over units in VSAT hubs or central stations in LNA and High-Power Amplifier systems.

Refer to RF Switch for more information.

waveguide switch waveguide switch

Waveguide switches are available in various waveguide sizes. The following specifications need to be considered for selection:

  • Frequency range
  • Isolation in dB
  • Insertion Loss in dB
  • VSWR
  • Power handling capability (peak/average)
  • Current consumption
  • Switching time

The figure depicts a waveguide switch sketch. As shown, it’s controlled using an applied DC voltage. Various control voltage options are available. The switch can be placed in either position 1 or position 2 as shown.

Types of Waveguide Switches

  1. Electromechanical Switches:

    • Operated by mechanical actuators.
    • Reliable for low-frequency systems.

  2. Electronic Switches:

    • Use diodes or transistors for rapid switching.
    • Preferred in high-speed and high-frequency applications.

Waveguide Switch Manufacturers

Applications

  • Radar systems for path selection.
  • Satellite communication for signal routing.
  • RF testing environments for multiple setups.

Conclusion

Waveguide switches provide seamless signal routing, enhancing the efficiency of microwave systems. Understanding their types and functions helps in deploying the right solution for diverse applications.