JUGFET vs MOSFET: Key Differences Explained

This article explains the key differences between JUGFET (Junction Gate Field-Effect Transistor) and MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor). Both are types of Field-Effect Transistors (FETs), which are unipolar devices. In a FET, a narrow channel of doped semiconductor material connects the source and drain contacts. The voltage applied to the gate terminal controls the current flow between the source and drain.

What is a JUGFET?

JUGFET stands for Junction Gate Field-Effect Transistor.

In an n-channel JUGFET, the device’s operation relies on the formation and control of a depletion layer at a reverse-biased p-n junction. Typically, the p-type gate is more heavily doped compared to the n-type channel, causing the depletion layer to reside primarily within the channel.

In a JUGFET circuit, the drain voltage (V_DS) is positive, and the gate voltage (V_GS) is negative with respect to the source terminal. Increasing the negative gate voltage (V_GS) widens the depletion layer, narrowing the channel and reducing current flow.

The performance of a JUGFET is characterized by its transconductance (g_m), which represents the change in drain current (I_D) caused by a change in gate-source voltage (V_GS).

What is a MOSFET?

MOSFET stands for Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor.

Unlike JUGFETs, MOSFETs can have both positive and negative voltages applied to the gate terminal. This is a key advantage over JUGFETs, where a positive gate voltage would forward-bias the gate-channel p-n junction, leading to a drop in input resistance and a large current flow.

When the gate-source voltage (V_GS) is negative in an n-channel MOSFET, positive holes are attracted into the channel region from the substrate. This reduces the number of electrons in the channel, decreasing the drain current (I_D). This is known as the depletion mode of operation.

Conversely, if V_GS is positive, electrons are attracted into the n-channel region, increasing conductivity and thus increasing the drain current (I_D). This is called the enhancement mode of operation.

Key Differences: JUGFET vs. MOSFET vs. BJT

The following table highlights the key differences between Junction Transistors (BJTs), JUGFETs, and MOSFETs:

MOSFETs are commonly used in integrated circuit (IC) construction due to their compact size.

Important Note on MOSFET Handling

MOSFET gates are susceptible to damage from static electricity, which can easily build up and break down the insulation of the oxide layer. To prevent this, MOSFETs are typically supplied with a metal clip short-circuiting the leads. This clip should only be removed immediately before connecting or soldering the device into a circuit.