RFVoltage vs. Current: Key Differences Explained
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This article explains the fundamental differences between voltage and current, two crucial concepts in electronics. We’ll explore their definitions, how they’re measured, their effects, and their relationship to resistance.
Voltage
Voltage is the potential difference between two points in a circuit. Think of it as the “electrical pressure” that drives the flow of electrons. It’s what causes current to flow from a point of higher potential to a point of lower potential. This potential difference is often created by an electromotive force, such as that provided by a battery.
Current
Current, on the other hand, is the flow of electrons. More precisely, it’s the rate at which electric charge flows through a circuit. This flow is driven by the voltage (electromotive force).
Voltage vs. Current: A Detailed Comparison
Here’s a table summarizing the key differences between voltage and current, especially as they relate to resistance:
| Feature | Voltage | Current |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | Potential difference between two points that causes current to flow. | Flow of electrons. Result of electromotive force. |
| Measurement | Measured by a Voltmeter. | Measured by an Ammeter. |
| Unit | 1 Volt = 1 Joule/Coulomb | Measured in Ampere (A), milliampere (mA), microampere (µA); 1 Ampere = 1 Coulomb/Sec. |
| Field Created | Creates an electrostatic field. | Creates a magnetic field. |
| Parallel Circuits | Voltage across components connected in parallel are of equal magnitude. | N/A |
| Series Circuits | N/A | Current flowing through components connected in series is of equal magnitude. |
| Relationship to Resistance | , Where R is the resistance. |
The Relationship: V, I, and R
Current and voltage are intimately linked. The relationship is defined by Ohm’s Law:
Where:
- V is the voltage (in Volts)
- I is the current (in Amperes)
- R is the resistance (in Ohms)
Ohm’s Law tells us that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across it, provided the temperature and other physical conditions remain constant. This is a fundamental principle in electrical circuit analysis.
