Thunderbolt 4 vs USB 4: Key Differences Explained

This article compares Thunderbolt 4 and USB 4, highlighting their key differences and similarities. Both technologies are used to connect computing devices like laptops, desktops, and mobile devices to displays and other peripherals.

Thunderbolt 4

Thunderbolt 4 provides data, video, and power delivery over a single cable, offering speeds of up to 40 Gbps. It’s backward compatible with Thunderbolt 3, 2, 1, and various USB versions. The first devices featuring Thunderbolt 4 were released by Intel in late 2020 as the successor to Thunderbolt 3.

Thunderbolt 4 specifications include:

• One universal computer port: Simplifies connectivity.
• Universal 40 Gb/s cables: Supports cables up to 2 meters in length.
• Dual 4K display support (or one 8K display): Enhanced video output capabilities.
• Accessories with four Thunderbolt ports: Allows for more complex setups.
• Required PC charging: At least one port on the computer must support charging.
• PC wake from sleep: Wakes the computer when connected to a Thunderbolt dock.
• Thunderbolt networking: Enables 10 Gbps Ethernet connection between PCs.
• Mandatory certification: Ensures quality and compatibility for all computers, accessories, and cables.
• Cable testing and quality audits: Guarantees Thunderbolt cable reliability.
• Intel VT-d based DMA protection: Enhances security.

USB 4

USB 4, released in August 2019, succeeds USB 3.2 and is designed to support higher speeds. Often referred to as “SuperSpeed+,” it utilizes the USB Type-C connector, similar to Thunderbolt. It supports various speed levels, including 10 Gbps, 20 Gbps, and 40 Gbps. USB 4 can achieve these speeds using two-lane operation with existing USB Type-C cables. USB Power Delivery (USB PD), supported by USB 4, can provide up to 100 Watts.

Thunderbolt 4 vs USB 4: A Comparison

The following table outlines the key differences and similarities between Thunderbolt 4 and USB 4: