EV Charging Socket Types: Understanding Type 1, Type 2, and More

This article explains the different types of EV charging sockets and cables, highlighting the key differences between Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4 charging cables. It also clarifies the terminology used for EV charging stations and vehicle inlets.

Here’s a breakdown of the terms:

• Socket: Used on the charging station side.
• Plug: Used on the cable towards the charging station.
• Inlet: Used on the electric vehicle (EV).
• Connector: Used on the cable towards the EV.

EV Charging Cable Type 1

• Type 1 is a single-phase vehicle coupler, also known as SAE J1772 due to the corresponding US standard.
• This connector/inlet pair is commonly used in the US and Japan.
• It’s limited to single-phase power because three-phase power is less common in these regions. Consequently, it generally has a lower power output compared to Type 2.
• In many Type 1 setups, the charging cable is permanently attached to the charging station.
• The connector typically has five pins: two for AC power, one for ground, and two for signaling. The signal pins are used for proximity detection and control pilot functions.

EV Charging Cable Type 2

• Type 2 is used as a single and three-phase vehicle coupler, often referred to as “Mennekes.”
• The connector/inlet and plug/socket pairs are standard in Europe.
• Type 2 supports higher power ratings than Type 1 in both single-phase and three-phase charging scenarios.
• The charging cable is detachable, making it versatile for charging at both Type 1 and Type 2 charging stations.

EV Charging Cable Type 3

• Type 3 is also a single and three-phase vehicle coupler, but it’s equipped with safety shutters.
• The contacts are physically protected by a non-conductive cover when not in use, enhancing safety.
• Type 3 is often preferred over Type 1 and Type 2 because of these shutters, which are mandatory in the UK to prevent accidental contact with live parts, particularly by children.
• It’s commonly used in France and Italy.

EV Charging Cable Type 4

• Type 4 is a fast-charge coupler, also known as CHAdeMO.
• This connector type is used for EV charging in Japan and Europe.
• Unlike Type 1 and Type 2, Type 4 connections utilize the CAN bus protocol for signaling.
• It’s designed for rapid charging with up to 62.5 kW of high-voltage direct current (DC).
• This is a form of DC Fast Charging. It’s used for high-voltage (up to 500 VDC) and high-current (125 A) applications, utilizing the JARI DC fast charge connector.