IoT Based Smart Driver Assistance System Architecture

This page delves into the architecture of an IoT-based Smart Driver Assistance System. It highlights the benefits and advantages of this system.

Introduction:

Vehicle manufacturers are constantly innovating to create vehicles that offer a safe and comfortable experience for both passengers and drivers. Despite these efforts, road accidents continue to occur, often due to driver drowsiness. Drowsiness makes drivers physically inactive and less sensitive to their surroundings, potentially leading to serious accidents.

The IoT-based system described here aims to address this problem by monitoring the driver’s consciousness based on facial images and the Eye Aspect Ratio (EAR) value of the eyelids. The system also monitors acceleration patterns and steering angles to detect any abnormalities in driving behavior, alerting the driver when necessary. Machine learning techniques and image processing play a crucial role in achieving these goals.

Image alt: IoT based Smart Driver Assistance System architecture

The figure above illustrates the system, which consists of:

• Camera: A camera focused on the driver’s eye and facial area.
• OBD Device: An On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) device that measures speed variations and steering angles.

System Operation:

• The camera, mounted in front of the driver’s seat, continuously monitors the face and eye areas. This data is then uploaded to a cloud server, where the EAR (Eye Aspect Ratio) is calculated. Wireless GSM cameras like the EYE-02 can also be used in this system.
• The OBD device, which is Bluetooth-compliant, monitors the steering angle and acceleration pattern. This data is received by a Bluetooth device in the car and uploaded to the cloud server using GSM. Bluetooth/GSM/GPRS devices like the SIM800 can be used for this purpose.
• The captured data from the OBD device and camera are stored on a cloud server, which could be platforms like Adafruit, Google Cloud Platform, or Microsoft Azure.
• Data analytics and machine learning tools analyze the collected data on the cloud server, triggering alerts to the driver to prevent potential accidents.
• The system can also be configured with registered telephone numbers associated with the vehicle’s route. In the event of an accident, the system can alert emergency ambulances from nearby hospitals, providing them with the accident location. This helps victims receive immediate medical treatment, potentially saving lives.

Image alt: Eye Aspect Ratio

The figure depicts an eye pattern with points from P1 to P6. This is used to calculate the Eye Aspect Ratio (EAR).

Image alt: EAR formula

The figure above displays the formula for calculating the EAR. (P2-P6) represents the distance between points P2 and P6, and so on.

Benefits or Advantages of Smart Driver Assistance System

The following are the benefits or advantages of the IoT-based Smart Driver Assistance System:

• The system helps reduce road accidents caused by driver drowsiness.
• The system is compact, easy to use, and easy to maintain.
• The system provides timely and immediate help to injured people by alerting registered mobile numbers of nearby hospital emergency staff with accident location details.
• IoT components are relatively inexpensive, making the system affordable.