VoWiFi: Advantages and Disadvantages of Voice over WiFi

This page explores the pros and cons of VoWiFi (Voice over WiFi). It highlights the benefits and drawbacks of this technology.

What is VoWiFi (Voice over WiFi)?

Introduction: As we know, a Wi-Fi network consists of WLAN access points (APs) or routers, servers, and end devices called stations (STAs) or clients. Voice calls made using a Wi-Fi network are known as VoWiFi.

The VoWiFi system typically has three modules:

• Caller module
• Wi-Fi router module
• Callee or receiver module

To make a voice call over a Wi-Fi network, you’ll need a Wi-Fi calling application such as “Jio Wi-Fi calling” or “WhatsApp”.

The figure depicts user #1 as the caller and user #2 as the callee.

The caller opens the app on their cell phone and dials the callee’s number. Once the caller is connected with the callee, they can start the voice communication. The server and router handle decisions regarding user reachability. The router module accepts the request from the caller and places the call. The callee module receives the call dialed by the caller.

Benefits or Advantages of VoWiFi

Here are the key benefits of VoWiFi:

• Reduced 2G/3G Radio Network Usage: VoWiFi helps decrease the load on 2G/3G radio networks by offloading cellular bandwidth onto Wi-Fi networks.
• Lower Cost or No Extra Cost: It often comes at a lower cost or even no extra cost, as it utilizes existing internet charges already paid by consumers. Users may not have to pay separate airtime charges.
• Mobility: It can be used while on the move, similar to cell phones, as long as the basic requirement of internet connectivity is met.
• Wireless Nature: Network configuration and reconfiguration processes are smooth and fast, thanks to its wireless nature.
• Availability Without Cell Towers: VoWiFi calling can be made even without mobile cell tower signal availability. This is particularly helpful in areas with no cellular signal or poor signal strength.
• Existing Phone Number: You can use your existing phone number; there’s no need for a separate Jio pack or Airtel pack.

Drawbacks or Disadvantages of VoWiFi

Here are the downsides of using VoWiFi:

• Separate Systems: Wi-Fi networks are distinct systems from cellular networks like GSM, LTE, and 5G NR. Voice traffic over Wi-Fi can become less prioritized when Wi-Fi networks are overloaded with data traffic. This is often noticeable in enterprise Wi-Fi networks.
• Impact on Data Usage: Most users utilize data services in enterprise Wi-Fi networks. Using Wi-Fi channels for voice calls can impact the existing data channel usage.
• RF Interference: Wi-Fi operates on unlicensed bands, making it susceptible to RF interference from other radio frequency sources.
• Maintenance Concerns: Maintenance of Wi-Fi networks can be a concern, especially as residential users are typically responsible for this service.
• Lack of E-911 Capability: E-911 capability is not available in Voice over Wi-Fi (VoWiFi).