SmallSats vs. CubeSats: Understanding the Differences

The concept of small satellites, or SmallSats, emerged in the late 20th century as advancements in technology allowed for the miniaturization of electronic components.

The first notable SmallSat, UoSAT-1, was developed by the University of Surrey and launched in 1981. Over the decades, SmallSats have evolved from educational tools to sophisticated platforms for commercial, scientific, and governmental missions, significantly lowering the barriers to space.

Though there are many similarities, there is a slight difference between SmallSats and CubeSats. Let’s explore these differences.

What are SmallSats?

Here are the key features of SmallSats (i.e., Small Satellites):

• Definition: A broad category of small satellites with a mass typically ranging from 1 kg to 180 kg.
• Size Variations: Includes various subcategories such as:
  • Miniature Satellites (100-180 kg)
  • Microsats (10-100 kg)
  • Nanosats (1-10 kg)
  • Picosats (0.01-1 kg)
  • Femtosats (less than 0.01 kg)
• Form Factor: No specific standardized form factor; sizes and shapes vary widely depending on the mission requirements.
• Cost: Generally lower cost compared to traditional large satellites but can vary significantly based on size and complexity.
• Applications: Wide range of applications including Earth observation, communication, scientific research, technology demonstration, and commercial ventures.
• Launch: Can be launched as primary or secondary payloads depending on their size.

What are CubeSats?

Here are the key features of CubeSats (i.e., Cube Satellites):

• Definition: A specific type of nanosatellite that follows a standardized cubic form factor. It falls under one of the categories of small satellites.
• Size Variations: Built in units of 10x10x10 cm (1U). Configurations can be 1U, 2U (10x10x20 cm), 3U (10x10x30 cm), and larger such as 6U or 12U.
• Form Factor: Standardized cubic design for ease of manufacturing and integration with launch vehicles.
• Cost: Generally lower cost due to standardized design and potential for mass production.
• Applications: Similar to SmallSats but particularly popular in educational, scientific, and technology demonstration missions due to their low cost and ease of development.
• Launch: Typically launched as secondary payloads, allowing multiple CubeSats to be deployed simultaneously.

Difference between SmallSats and CubeSats

Conclusion

SmallSats encompass a broader range of satellite sizes and shapes, while CubeSats represent a standardized subset of nanosatellites designed for cost-effective and flexible access to space.