UV Sterilization: Advantages and Disadvantages

This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using UV sterilization, particularly in the context of combating viruses like COVID-19 through UV light disinfection.

Introduction

The recent COVID-19 outbreak, caused by a novel coronavirus, has highlighted the importance of effective disinfection methods. First observed in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, coronaviruses are a large family of viruses known to cause illness in both humans and animals. These viruses can lead to respiratory infections, ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases like MERS and SARS.

Common symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, fatigue, and a dry cough. Some patients may experience aches, a runny nose, sore throat, shortness of breath, or diarrhea. Organizations like the WHO have urged people to follow guidelines such as social distancing, mask-wearing, and frequent handwashing to curb the spread of the virus.

However, COVID-19 can also spread through contact with contaminated surfaces like mobile phones, doorknobs, and other household items. Sanitizing these items is crucial, and ultraviolet (UV) light offers an efficient method for disinfection.

What is a UV Sterilizer?

A UV sterilizer is a device that uses ultraviolet light to perform sterilization. UV light is invisible to the human eye and is categorized into three types based on wavelength: UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C.

UV-C, with a wavelength range of 100 to 280 nm, is particularly effective at killing germs and viruses, especially at wavelengths around 254 nm or 265 nm. Research has indicated that UVC (far ultraviolet C) at specific wavelengths can eliminate up to 99.9% of airborne coronaviruses and is considered safe for use around humans.

Devices using UVC light are used in various applications, including disinfecting drinking water, air, pharmaceutical tools, and even fruits and vegetables. In response to COVID-19, UVC light devices are employed to disinfect mobile phones, surfaces, clothing, utensils, toys, and more. These devices range from UV phone boxes and disinfection lamps to UV light wand sterilizers and UV-based robots. UV robots are even used in hospitals to disinfect rooms and clothing of COVID-19 patients.

Advantages of UV Sterilization

Here are the benefits of using UV sterilization:

• Efficiency: UV sterilization devices are more efficient at disinfecting compared to traditional cleaning methods.
• Chemical-Free: UV sterilization doesn’t require chemicals and leaves no chemical residue, making it safe to use and harmless to humans.
• Environmentally Friendly: UV sterilization is an environmentally sound method.
• Prevents Fungal Growth: As a dry method, UV light disinfection effectively prevents the growth of fungi.
• Cost-Effective: UV light-based sterilizers are generally cheaper and have a longer lifespan.

Disadvantages of UV Sterilization

Here are the drawbacks of using UV Sterilization:

• Limited Coverage: UV sterilizers are most effective in their direct light path. Objects that block the light can render the process ineffective. Ensuring that objects are directly exposed to the UV light is crucial. Some sterilizers use multiple UV bulbs to cover a wider angle and minimize this issue.
• Harmful to Eyes and Skin: UV light can be harmful to the eyes and skin, potentially causing chronic eye damage. Therefore, UV light devices are not recommended for sterilizing hands or skin.