Extrinsic vs. Intrinsic Optical Sensors: Key Differences

This article highlights the key differences between extrinsic and intrinsic optical sensors. Optical fiber sensing relies on variations within a light beam. These changes can occur either outside or inside the fiber optic cable, leading to two distinct sensor types: extrinsic and intrinsic.

Extrinsic Optical Sensor

Fig-1: Extrinsic Optical Sensor

Figure 1 illustrates an extrinsic optical sensor. In this configuration, the light beam exits the fiber cable and is altered by an external object before reaching the optical detector. This type of sensor can be used to measure parameters such as distance (L), as shown in the diagram.

Intrinsic Optical Sensor

Fig-2: Intrinsic Optical Sensor

Figure 2 depicts an intrinsic optical sensor. Unlike extrinsic sensors, the light beam does not exit the fiber cable. Instead, the light is modulated within the cable itself. As an example, the diagram illustrates how pressure applied between two plates can alter the light beam’s properties, enabling pressure measurement.

Extrinsic vs. Intrinsic Optical Sensors: Key Differences

The following table summarizes the similarities and differences between extrinsic and intrinsic optical sensors: