RFMobile Fronthaul vs. Mobile Backhaul: Key Differences Explained
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This article clarifies the difference between Mobile Fronthaul and Mobile Backhaul, key components in modern cellular networks.
Introduction:
Next-generation wireless systems typically employ a structure consisting of two main parts: a Central Unit (CU) and Distributed Units (DUs). The CU can manage multiple DUs using a C-RAN (Centralized Radio Access Network) architecture. This allows the CU to simultaneously oversee several DUs, processing data to and from them and coordinating control functions between them.
A DU typically comprises antennas, RF components, and baseband processing equipment.
Mobile Fronthaul
The mobile fronthaul refers to the radio access network portion of the cellular network. It generally consists of base stations or NodeB (NB) towers that are equipped with Remote Radio Heads (RRHs), often deployed as small cells.
Mobile Backhaul
The mobile backhaul is the backend part of the cellular network that connects the fronthaul to the core network, facilitating voice and data traffic. It houses Central Offices (COs) and Baseband Units (BBUs), and typically includes an IP/MPLS network with IP routers.
- Mobile fronthaul and mobile backhaul are typically connected using optical fiber, enabling data transfer rates of 10 Gbps.
- Advancements in multi-antenna array technologies now allow a DU with 128 antenna elements (64 transmitters and 64 receivers) to communicate with the CU in the backhaul at speeds of approximately 320 Gbps, as defined by the CPRI standard.
