Gunn vs Impatt vs Trapatt vs Baritt Diodes: A Comparison

This article compares Gunn diodes, Impatt diodes, Trapatt diodes, and Baritt diodes, highlighting the key differences between these semiconductor devices.

Specifications Comparison

The following table summarizes the key specifications and characteristics of each diode type:

SpecificationsGunn diodeImpatt diodeTrapatt diodeBaritt diode
Bandwidth2% of RF center frequency1/10th of RF center frequency - Narrow--
Operating Frequency1 to 100 GHz0.5 to 100 GHz1 to 10 GHz4 to 8 GHz
Efficiency-3% in CW, 60% in pulsed mode20 to 60% pulsed modeLow (about 2%)
Output PowerFew watts (continuous wave), 100 to 200 Watts (pulsed)1 Watt (CW), 400 Watts (Pulsed)Several 100 Watts (pulsed)Low (mWatt)
Noise Figure-High, 30 dBHigh, 60 dBLess noisy than IMPATT diode (<15dB)
Basic SemiconductorsGaAs, InPSi, Ge, GaAs, InPSiSi, metal
Constructionn+nn+ GaAs single crystaln+pip+ reverse bias p-n junctionp+nn++ or n+pp+ reverse bias p-n junctionp-n-p or p-n-i-p, or p-n metal or metal-n-metal forward bias p-n junction
Harmonics-Less StrongLess-
RuggednessYesYesYesYes
SizeSmallSmallSmallSmall
ApplicationOscillatorAmplifier, OscillatorOscillatorLocal Oscillator

Gunn Diode

Gunn diodes are known for their ability to generate microwave signals. They are primarily used in oscillators due to their relatively simple operation.

Impatt Diode

Impatt diodes are high-power devices often used in amplifiers and oscillators. They are characterized by a high noise figure.

Trapatt Diode

Trapatt diodes are also used in oscillators and are capable of generating high pulsed power.

Baritt Diode

Baritt diodes are typically employed as local oscillators, offering lower noise performance compared to Impatt diodes, but at the cost of lower output power.