LTE-U vs LAA vs LWA vs Multefire: A Detailed Comparison

This page compares LTE-U, LAA, LWA, and Multefire, outlining the advantages and disadvantages of each technology. These terminologies are related to LTE standards, and this guide aims to clarify the differences between them.

LTE-U | LTE Unlicensed

LTE generally operates on licensed spectrum. However, LTE-U utilizes the unlicensed 5 GHz frequency band, which is also commonly used for Wi-Fi (WLAN) services.

Advantages and Disadvantages of LTE-U

Advantages:

• Increased Network Capacity and Coverage: LTE-U expands network capacity and coverage, especially in crowded indoor and outdoor environments.
• Better Spectrum Efficiency: Compared to Wi-Fi, LTE-U offers improved spectrum efficiency, leading to higher data rates and increased capacity.

Disadvantages:

• Transmit Power Restrictions: Limitations are placed on the transmit power of LTE-U devices.
• CCA and LBT Requirements: LTE-U necessitates the use of CCA (Clear Channel Assessment) and LBT (Listen Before Talk) protocols to avoid interfering with existing Wi-Fi networks.

LAA | Licensed Assisted Access

LAA is a standardized version of LTE-U, managed by 3GPP. It incorporates the LBT protocol to coexist harmoniously with Wi-Fi devices. LBT requires the LTE eNB (evolved NodeB) to listen for existing transmissions before sending data. The 3GPP recommends using LBT load-based equipment category-4 version.

Disadvantages of LAA

• Potential Wi-Fi Interference: LAA can prevent Wi-Fi signals from transmitting when the LTE eNB transmits a reservation signal until the next frame boundary event.
• Transmission Inefficiency: LTE devices might not initiate transmissions even when the channel is free, waiting for specific LAA features to become available.

LWA | LTE WLAN Aggregation

LWA (LTE WLAN Aggregation) configures the network to use both Wi-Fi and LTE networks simultaneously. Unlike LTE-U and LAA, LWA doesn’t necessarily require hardware changes to coexist with WLAN networks.

Advantages of LWA

From the User’s Perspective:

• Increased Performance: LWA improves overall network performance.
• Improved QoS (Quality of Service): Users experience enhanced Quality of Service.

From the Network Operator’s Perspective:

• Increased Capacity Support: LWA leverages Wi-Fi connections to boost capacity.
• Increased System Capacity: The overall system capacity is expanded.
• Reduced Deployment Costs: LWA can significantly reduce deployment costs.
• Simplified WLAN Operation: LWA simplifies WLAN operation within the cellular network.

Multefire Technology

Multefire operates entirely in the unlicensed spectrum, distinguishing it from LTE-U, LAA, and LWA. It is managed by the Multefire Alliance.

With Multefire, users install Multefire APs (Access Points) or routers instead of Wi-Fi gateways to access LTE coverage. This makes it attractive for ISPs and cable operators seeking to implement Wi-Fi-like cellular deployments without relying on licensed spectrum. Multefire is also well-suited for creating networks of IoT (Internet of Things) devices.

The information above should help you understand the differences between LTE-U, LAA, LWA, and Multefire technologies, particularly within the context of 5G developments.