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LTE Small Cell vs. Large Cell: Key Differences Explained

lte small cell large cell hetnet network

This article compares LTE small cells and large cells, highlighting the key differences between them, especially within the context of LTE heterogeneous networks (HetNet). LTE networks often incorporate both small and large cells, leading to this type of network configuration being referred to as a heterogeneous network.

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LTE Small Cells: Features and Applications

Here’s a breakdown of the characteristics of LTE small cells:

  • They are essentially Radio Access Nodes (RANs) that support a relatively short range, typically from 10 meters up to 1 or 2 kilometers. The physical size of the cell site is smaller, hence the name “small cell.”

  • Small cells commonly operate in both licensed and unlicensed frequency bands, offering deployment flexibility.

  • They utilize low-power base stations or Remote Radio Heads (RRH), contributing to energy efficiency.

  • Small cells are well-suited for providing hotspot coverage in areas with high user density.

  • They can be deployed to extend coverage at the cell edge of a large cell, improving user experience in fringe areas.

  • Small cells are valuable for providing coverage in areas where the macro network signal is weak or nonexistent.

  • They are particularly effective for indoor coverage, where signal penetration can be challenging.

  • Small cells play a crucial role in offloading traffic from large cells, preventing congestion and improving overall network performance.

  • Small cells are further categorized into different types, including femtocells, picocells, and microcells, each with varying coverage ranges and capacities.

LTE Large Cells: Features and Applications

The following are the key features associated with LTE large cells:

  • Large cells utilize high-power eNBs (evolved NodeBs), providing wide-area coverage.

  • Finding suitable locations for macro-eNB sites can sometimes be challenging due to zoning regulations or other constraints.

  • A single large cell can encompass numerous small cells within its coverage area, creating a multi-layered network.

  • Small cells are particularly useful in areas not adequately served by the macro network.

  • Small cells effectively increase network capacity in high-traffic hotspots.

  • By offloading data from large macro cells, small cells contribute to improved network performance and a better user experience.

  • The combined deployment of small cells and large cells results in higher bit rates per unit area, maximizing network efficiency.