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Arduino vs. Raspberry Pi: Key Differences Explained

arduino raspberry pi microcontroller microprocessor hardware

This article dives into the comparison between Arduino and Raspberry Pi, highlighting their distinct features and ideal use cases. Let’s explore the differences between these two popular platforms, outlined in detail below.

Arduino Uno Board

  • Employs the AVR ATmega328p microcontroller.
  • Features RAM, Flash memory, timers, serial (UART), I2C, SPI, and I/O connectors.
  • Utilizes an IDE (Integrated Development Environment) for coding. No interpreter, operating system, or firmware is needed.
  • C code is compiled into machine language and executed directly on the microcontroller.
  • Programs are written to directly control the connected hardware.

Arduino vs Raspberry Pi Arduino vs Raspberry Pi

Raspberry Pi

  • Functions as a single-board computer.
  • Supports audio, video, Ethernet, HDMI, USB, SD card, GPIO pins, etc.
  • Programs are written and executed within an operating system, which manages the hardware when necessary.
  • Linux is commonly used as the operating system.

Arduino vs. Raspberry Pi: A Detailed Comparison

The following table summarizes the key differences between Arduino Uno and Raspberry Pi:

SpecificationsArduino UnoRaspberry Pi
FunctionalityMicrocontrollerMicroprocessor
ProcessorAVR ATmega328pBroadcom ARM1176JZF-S
Clock Speed16 MHz700 MHz
Register Width8 bit32 bit
Max. RAM Size2 KB512 MB
GPIO Pins208
I/O Current Maximum40 mA5 to 10 mA
Power Consumption175 mWatt700 mWatt
Operating SystemNot usedLinux and other OSs are supported

Key Considerations

  • Arduino: Microcontrollers offer robust I/O capabilities, enabling direct control of external hardware.
  • Raspberry Pi: Microprocessors have weaker I/O pins, requiring external transistors to drive hardware.
  • Raspberry Pi: Microprocessors provide significant processing power.
  • Arduino: Well-suited for projects involving LCDs, sensors, and motors.
  • Raspberry Pi: Ideal for projects that require video, cameras, complex math, and graphical interfaces.

Both platforms have their unique strengths and applications within the electronics domain. Arduino is preferable for applications prioritizing control, while Raspberry Pi excels in scenarios demanding substantial processing capabilities.